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Sigles et abréviations Informatiques

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A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M,

N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Z

A
ABI Application Binary Interface
ACIA Asynchronous Communications Interfaces Adapter
ACM Association for Computing Machinery
AEC Architecture, Engineering, Construction
AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol
AFS Andrew File System
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIX Advanced Interactive eXecutive (Version UNIX D'IBM)
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AOCE Apple Open Collaborative Environment
API Application Programming Interface
APL A Programming Language
APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (IBM)
APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (IBM)
APSE Ada Programming Support Environment
ARA AppleTalk Remote Access
ARM Advanced RISC machine ;
  Asynchronous Response mode
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASMP Asymmetric multiprocessing
ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ;
  Adobe Type Manager
ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol
AUI Attachment Unit Interface
A/UX Version UNIX de l'entreprise Apple
AVI Audio Video Interleave (Microsoft)

B

BBLT Bus Block Transfer
BBS Bulletin Board System
BCD Binary-coded Decimal
BDOS Basic Disk Operating System
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BISDN Broadband ISDN
BITBLT Bit Block Transfer
BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell
BLOb Binary Large Object
BNC Connecteur de câble coaxial
Bps Bytes Per Second
bps Bits Per Second
BSD Berkeley Software Distribution: Une version d'UNIX développée à L'Université de Berkeley en Californie

C
CACP Central Arbitration Control Point
CAD Computer-aided design
CADD Computer-aided design and drafting
CAE Computer-aided Engineering
CAI Computer-aided Instruction
CAM Computer-aided Manufacturing ;
  Common Access Method
CAMNU Cache/Memory Management Unit
CAS Column-address Strobe ;
  Communication Applications Specification
CASE Computer-aided Software Engineering
CATV Community Antenna Television (cable TV)
CBIOS Compatibility BIOS
CBLT Character Block Transfer
CCITT Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique
CCD Charge-couples Device
CDE Common Desktop Environment (COSE)
CD-I Compact Disk-interactive
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data
CD-R Compact disk-recordable
CD-ROM Compact-disk read-only Memory
CEMM Compaq Expanded Memory Manager
CGA Color Graphics Adapter
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CISC Complex Instruction-set Computer
CLI Call Level Interface ;
  Command-line Interpreter
CMC Common Messaging Calls (XAPIA)
CMOS Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor
COM Common Object Model (Microsoft)
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture (OMG)
COSE Common Open Software Environment
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
CUA Common User Access

D
DA Desk Accessory (Apple) ;
  Destination Address
DAC Digital-to-analog Converter
DAT Digital Audiotape
DBMS Database Management System
DDBMS Distributed DBMS
DCE Data Communications Equipment ;
  Data circuit-terminating Equipment ;
  Distributed Computing Environment (OSF)
DCL Digital Command Language (DEC)
DDE Dynamic Data Exchange
DDL Document Description Language ;
  Data Description Language
DES Data Encryption Standard
DFS Distributed File System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIF Data Interchange Format
DIME Dual Independent Map Encoding
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMI Desktop Management Interface (DMTF)
DMTF Desktop Management Task Force
DNS Domain Name System
DOE Distributed Objects Everywhere (Sun)
dpi Dots per inch ; Mesure de la résolution des écrans et imprimantes
DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface
DRAM Dynamic RAM
DS/DD Double-sides, Double-density
DS/HD Double-sided, High-density
DSOM Distributed System Object Model (IBM)
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSS Decision Support System ;
  Digital Signature Standard
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF Dual-tone multi-frequency
DVI Digital Video Interactive

E
ECC Error-correction Code
ECL Emitter-coupled Logic
ECM Error-correction Mode
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EIS Executive Information System
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
EMS Expanded Memory Specification
ENS Enterprise Network Services (Banyan Vines)
EPLD Electrically Programmable Logic Device
EPROM Erasable Programmable ROM
EPS Encapsulated PostScript
ER Entity Relationship
ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited
ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface

F
FAT File Allocation Table
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDHD Floppy Disk High-Density
FDM Frequency-division Multiplexing
FDx Full-duplex
FIFO First in, First Out
FLOPS Floating-point Operations per Second
4GL Fourth-generation Language
FDP Full-page Display
FPGA Field programmable Gate Array
FPI Floating-point Interface
FPU Floating-point Unit
FTP File Transfer Protocol

G
GAL Generic Array Logic
GB GigaByte
GDDM Graphical Data Display Manager
GDI Graphical Device Interface
GEM Graphics Environment Manager
GFLOPS GigaFLOPS
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GIS Geographic Information System
GPF General Protection Fault
GPI Graphics Programming Interface
GPIB General-purpose Interface Bus
GPSS General Purpose Simulation System
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GUI Graphical User Interface

H
HDLC High-level Data-link Control
HDTV High-definition Television
HDx Half Duplex
HFS Hierarchical File System (Apple)
HIPPI High Performance Parallel Interface
HLLAPI High-Level Language Application Programming Interface
HMMU Hardware Memory Management Unit
HOB High-order Byte
HPFS High Performance File System (OS/2)
HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language
HP-IM Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus
HPPI High Performance Peripheral Interface
HP/UX Version UNIX de Hewlett-Packard
HSM Hierarchical Storage Management
HSYNC Horizontal Synchronization
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTPP Hypertext Transport Protocol ;
  Hypertext Transfer Protocol

I
IAC Interapplication Communication (Apple)
ICE In-circuit Emulator
IDA Intelligence Drive Array
IDAPI Independent Database API (Borland)
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
IEEE Institute of Electrical And Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IFF Interchange File Format
IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
IMAP Interactive Mail Access Protocol
INT Interrupt
IP Internet Protocol ;
  Internetwork Protocol
IPC Interprocess Communications
IPX/SPX Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
IR Instruction Register
IRC Interrupt Request Controller ;
  Internet Relay Chat
IRQ Interrupt Request
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISAM Indexed Sequential-access Method
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Standard Organization
ISR Interrupt Service Routine
ISV Independent Software Vendor
IT Information Technology
ITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (Europe)
IXC Interchange Carrier aussi IEC

J
JIS Japan Industrial Standard
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

K
KB Kilobyte (1024 bytes ou octets)
KBps Kilobytes per second
Kbps Kilobits per second

L
LAN Local-area Network
LATA Local Access and Transport Area
LDT Local Descriptor Table
LIFO Last in, First Out
LIPS Logical Instruction per Second
Lisp List Processing
LLC Logical Link Control
LOB Low-order byte
LSB Least-Significant Bit (ou Byte)
LSD Least-significant Digit
LSI Large-scale Integration
LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch

M
MAC Media Access Control
MAN Metropolitan-area Network
MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol
MAPI Messaging API (Microsoft)
MASM Macro Assembler (Microsoft)
MB Megabyte
Mb Megabit
MCA Micro Channel Architecture (IBM)
MCGA Multicolor Graphics Array
MCI Media Control Interface
MDA Monochrome Display Adapter
MDI Multiple Document Interface
MDS Macintosh Development System ;
  Microprocessor Development System
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFLOPS MagaFLOPS
MFM Modified Frequency Modulation
MFS Macintosh File System
MHS Message Handling Service
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIMD Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MIPS Million Instruction per Second
MIS Management Information System
MNU Memory Management Unit
MNP Microcom Networking Protocol
MPC Multimedia PC
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MPU Microprocessor Unit
MPW Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
MRCI Microsoft real-time Compression Interface
ms Millisecond
MSB Most Significant bit (ou byte)
MSI Medium-scale Integration
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MVS Multiple Virtual Storage (IBM)

N
NAPLPS North American Presentation-Level Protocol Syntax
NAU Network Access Unit ;
  Network Addressable Unit
NCSC National Computer Security Center
NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification
NDP Numeric Data Processor
NDS NetWare Directory Service (Novell)
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System
NETBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface
NFS Network File System (Sun)
NIC Network Interface Card
NIS Network Information Service (Sun)
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NIU Network Interface Unit
NLM NetWare Loadable Module
NMI Nonmaskable Interrupt
NNTP Network News Transport Protocol
NOS Network Operating System
ns Nanosecond
NTSC National Television Standards Committee

O
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OCX OLE Control
ODAPI Open Database API
ODBC Open Database Connectivity (Microsoft)
ODBMS Object DBMS ;
  Object-oriented DBMS (Aussi OODBMS)
ODI Open Data-link Interface
ODMA Open Document Management API
ODMG Object Database Management Group
OEM Original-equipment Manufacturer
OLE Object Linking and Embedding
OLTP On-line Transaction Processing
OMG Object Management Group
ONC Open Network Computing (Sun)
OOFS Object-oriented file System
OOP Object-oriented Programming
OOPL Object-oriented Programming Language
OPROM Optical Programmable ROM
ORB Object Request Broker
OS Operating System
OSF Open Software Foundation
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OS/2 Operating System/2 (IBM)
OWL Object Windows Library (Borland)

P
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange (synonyme de PBX)
PAL Phase Alternate Line ;
  Programmable Array Logic ;
  Paradox Application Language (Borland)
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCL Printer Control Language (Hewlett-Packard)
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDES Product Data Exchange Specification
PDL Page-description Language ;
  Program Design Language (Ada)
PND Public Data Network
PDO Portable Distributed Objects (Next)
PEEL Programmable Electrically Erasable Logic
PEM Privacy Enhanced Mail
PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique
PGA Pin Grid Array ;
  Programmable Gate Array
PGL Professional Graphics Language
PHIGS Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard
PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter
PIF Program Information File
PIM Personal Information Manager
PIN Positive Intrinsic Negative ;
  Personal Identification Number
PLA Programmable Logic Array
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLD Programmable Logic Device
PLE Programmable Logic Element
PL/1 Programming Language/1
PMMU Paged Memory Management Unit
POP Point-of-presence ;
  Post Office Protocol
POS Programmable Option Select
POSE Picture-Oriented software Engineering
POST Power-on Self Test
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PRML Partial-response Maximum-likelihood
PROM Programmable read-only Memory

Q
QEMM Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager
QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge

R
RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
RAM Random-access Memory
RAMDAC Random-access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter
RAS Row-Address Strobe
RDBMS Relational Database Management System
RFS Remote File System (AT&T)
RGB Red-Green-Blue
RIP Raster-Image Processor ;
  Routing Information Protocol ;
  Remote Imaging Protocol
RISC Reduce-Instruction-Set Computer
RLE Run Length Encoding
RLL Run Length Limited
RMW Read, Modify, Write
ROM Read-only Memory
RPC Remote Procedure Call
RSA Rivest-Shamir-Adleman
RTF Rich Text Format
RTN Recursive Transition Network
RTV Real-Time Video

S
SAA System Application Architecture (IBM)
SANE Standard Apple Numeric Environment
SASI Shugart Association System Interface
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SDK Software Development Kit
SDLC Synchronous Data-link Control
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SHTTP Secure HTTP
SIMD Single Instruction, Multiple Data
SIMM Single in-line Memory Module
SIP Single In-line Package
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol
SMB Server Message Block
SMP Symmetric Multiprocessing
SMPT Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers
SNA System Network Architecture (IBM)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOM System Object Model (IBM)
SPI Service Provider Interface
SQL Structured Query Language
SRAM Static RAM
Ssa Small-scale Integration
SS/SD Single-sided/Single-density
SVGA SuperVGA

T
TaIAE Taligent Application Environment
TASM Turbo Assembler (Borland)
TcI Tool Control Language
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCSEC Trusted Computer Systems Evaluation Criteria
TB Terabyte
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TIFF Tagged Image File Format
TIGA Texas Instrument Graphics Architecture
TOP Technical Office Protocol
TRAM Transputer Module
TSR Terminate-and-stay Resident
TLL Transistor-transistor Logic
TWAIN Interface standard pour les périphériques graphiques ;
  Toolkit without an important name

U
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UAE Unrecoverable Applications Error
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USART Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UUCP Unix-to-Unix Copy

V
VAN Value-added Network
VAP Value-added Process
Var Value-added Reseller
VBL Vertical Blanking Interrupt
VBX Visual Basic Control
VCPI Virtual Control Program Interface
VERONICA Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computerized Archives
VESA Video Electronics Standards Association
VFS Virtual File System
VGA Video Graphic Array
VIDC Video Controller
VIM Vendor-Independent Messaging
VLIW Very Long Instruction Word
VLSI Very Large-Scale Integration
VME Virtual Machine Environment
VMS Virtual Memory System (DEC)
VRAM Video RAM
VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method (IBM)
VSYNC Vertical Synchronization

W
WAIS Wide Area Information Server ;
  Wide Area Information Service
WAN Wide-Area Network
WIMP Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing Device
WISC Writable Instruction Set Computer
WORM Write Once, Read Many Time
WOSa Windows Open Services Architecture
WWW World Wide Web
WYSIWYG What-you-see-is-what-you-get

X
XA Extended Architecture
XAPIA X. 400 API Association
XCMS External Command: Une commande de l'utilisateur utilisant les codes internes du Macintosh pour étendre les possibilités d'HyperCard
XGA Extended Graphics Array
XMS Extended Memory Specification
XON/XOFF Telecommunication Control Protocol
XOR Exclusive-OR
XPG X/Open Portability Guide

Z
ZBR Zone-bit Recording
ZCAV Zone Constant Angular Velocity
ZIF Zero Insertion Force
ZIP Zig-Zag In-line Package/pin